Questões de concursos sobre "Palavras conectivas | Connective words" | Inglês - página 1

TEXT I

In Europe, Weber still rules
Statecrafting
Jul 13, 2016
Steven Van de Walle


After 30 years of public administration reform in European countries inspired by New Public Management ideas, traditional Weberian administration still is the main organizing principle. This is the picture that emerges from a large-scale survey among the entire population of top civil servants in 18 European countries. The findings have now been published in our book — Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top.
True, many tools and management practices associated with the NPM such as staff performance talks or management by objectives have become very common. Across all countries, the almost 7000 top civil servants we surveyed list achieving results and ensuring an efficient use of resources among the most important roles they have. They are also in agreement that, compared to five years ago, the public sector has made major progress in terms of efficiency and service quality — two main objectives of the NPM.
There are ‘NPM champions’ — countries that have gone further than others in reforming the Weberian state. Think the UK or the Netherlands, where public employment is increasingly normalised, and delivery contracted out. But even there, the structures of traditional public administration remain firmly in place.
Some elements of the NPM are still mainly absent from current management practice in European countries. Internal steering by contract is not very common, and performance related pay is very rare despite the popularity in reform talk. The weak presence of flexible employment also shows that the Weberian model still dominates. Despite attempts to normalize public employment in some countries, civil servants still enjoy a unique statute. We also observed this during the fiscal crisis, where outright firing permanent civil servants or cutting salaries has been relatively rare.
For civil servants, referring issues upwards in the hierarchy is still the dominant response in situations when responsibilities or interests conflict with that of other organisations. European top civil servants consider the impartial implementation of laws and rules as one of their dominant roles, and largely prefer state provision of services over market provision, with the exception of the British, Danish, and Dutch.
There are clear country differences, with management ‘champions’ such as the UK, Estonia, Norway and the Netherlands, and more legalistic and traditional public administrations such as in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain. The adoption of newer reform ideas suggest that the Weberian state may now be in decline. Yet some of the other findings of the survey, reported above, show that Weberianism’s main ideas are still deeply embedded in European countries.
(Source: https://statecrafting.net/in-europe-weber-still-rulesa851866dbf02. Retrieved on January 21st, 2018)

The word “Despite” in the sentence “Despite attempts to normalize public employment in some countries” indicates

In many countries, however, lack of government support,
or a shortage of foreign aid, has hindered the achievement of
language-teaching goals.
 
 The connective underlined in the excerpt is replaced
correctly with no alteration of meaning in

READ THE FOLLOWING TEXT AND CHOOSE THE OPTION WHICH BEST
COMPLETES EACH QUESTION ACCORDING TO IT:

                 Technology has created more jobs than it has destroyed

      The battle between men and machines goes back centuries. Are they taking
our jobs? Or are they easing our workload? A study by economists at the consultancy
Deloitte seeks to shed new light on the relationship between jobs and the
rise of technology by searching through census data for England and Wales going
back to 1871.
      Their conclusion is that, rather than destroying jobs, technology has been
a “great job-creating machine”. Findings by Deloitte such as rise in bar staff since
the 1950s or a surge in the number of hairdressers this century suggest to the
authors that technology has increased spending power, therefore creating new demand
and new jobs. Their study argues that the debate has been twisted towards
the job-destroying effects of technological change, which are more easily observed
than its creative aspects.
      Going back over past figures paints a more balanced picture, say authors
Ian Stewart and Alex Cole. “The dominant trend is of contracting employment in
agriculture and manufacturing being more than balanced by rapid growth in the
caring, creative, technology and business services sectors,” they write. “Machines
will take on more repetitive and laborious tasks, but they seem no closer to eliminating
the need for human labor than at any time in the last 150 years.” 
      According to the study, hard, dangerous and dull jobs have declined. In
some sectors, technology has quite clearly cost jobs, but they question whether
they are really jobs we would want to hold on to. Technology directly substitutes
human muscle power and, in so doing, raises productivity and shrinks employment.
“In the UK the first sector to feel this effect on any scale was agriculture,” says the
study. 
      The study also found out that ‘caring’ jobs have increased. The report cites
a “profound shift”, with labor switching from its historic role, as a source of raw
power, to the care, education and provision of services to others.
Technological progress has cut the prices of essentials, such as food, and the price
of bigger household items such as TVs and kitchen appliances, notes Stewart. That
leaves more money to spend on leisure, and creates new demand and new jobs,
which may explain the big rise in bar staff, he adds. “_______ the decline in the
traditional pub, census data shows that the number of people employed in bars
rose fourfold between 1951 and 2011,” the report says.
      The Deloitte economists believe that rising incomes have allowed consumers
to spend more on personal services, such as grooming. That in turn has driven
employment of hairdressers. So, while in 1871 there was one hairdresser or
barber for every 1,793 citizens of England and Wales; today there is one for every
287 people.
                                  (Adapted from: https://goo.gl/7V5vuw. Access: 02/02/2018.)

The best word to complete this sentence “_______ the decline in the traditional
pub…” (paragraph 6) is 

In the fragment “Still, this is far from enough to avoid
severe impacts of climate change” (lines 93-94), Still
can be replaced, without changing the meaning of the
sentence, by

The word “Nevertheless” (ℓ.13) expresses the idea of

The expression “rather than” (ℓ.20) is the same as

The word “But” (ℓ.5) is

                        Patient Confidentiality and Recordkeeping

      Privacy is a patient right. Dentists have an ethical and legal responsibility to safeguard patient information. Patient information
includes such information as personal data, medical history, diagnosis, treatment, and financial situation.
      Patient information should be shared only on a need-to-know basis with those who participate in the care of the patient. ....CONECTIVO... disclosure is required or permitted by law, patient information should not be shared with anyone without the patient's
written permission. Court orders, subpoenas and investigations by the Office of Professional Discipline are examples of disclosures
that may be required even in the absence of the patient's consent.
      Health professionals are required to maintain records for each patient that accurately reflect the evaluation and treatment of the
patient according to section 29.2(a)(3) of the Rules of the Board of Regents. All patient records must be retained for at least six years,
with the exception of records for minor patients, which must be maintained for at least six years and for one year after the minor patient
reaches the age of 21.
(Adapted from NY State Education Department − Office of the Professions: http://www.op.nysed.gov/prof/dent/ dentpracticeguide.htm) 

A palavra que preenche corretamente a lacuna ....CONECTIVO.... , de acordo com o contexto, é 

Thus, in the fragment of Text I “Thus some of the primary
rainforests must be salvaged for sustainable development
to be at all successful” (lines 107-109) conveys an idea of 

AUNT ACQUITTED IN NIECE’S HIT-AND-RUN DEATH
WEDNESDAY, JULY 8, 2015 BY TAMARA APARTON

      San Francisco, CA − A woman charged with child endangerment after a hit-and-run driver fatally struck her 2-year-old niece as
the family crossed against a traffic light was acquitted of all charges today, San Francisco Public Defender Jeff Adachi announced.
      Jurors deliberated a day and a half before clearing Loyresha Gage, 26, of felony child endangerment resulting in death and
misdemeanor child endangerment. Gage faced up to 10 years in state prison, said her attorney, Deputy Public Defender Kevin Mitchell.
      The tragic incident occurred Aug. 15, 2014. Gage was caring for her sister’s 2-year-old twins. As the three left the Metreon after
seeing the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie, Gage took a long-awaited call from a friend who had been a no-show to the planned
movie date. ..I.. still on the phone, Gage attempted to navigate a crosswalk on Mission Street.
      After waiting for traffic to clear, Gage and her niece, Mi’yana Gregory, stepped into the crosswalk. A little less than halfway
across Mission Street, 
      Gage realized her nephew was still on the curb and panicked. As she sprinted back to pick him up, a sedan
sped down Mission and fatally struck Mi’yana.
      Gage was arrested Aug. 19 and police never found the hit-and-run driver.
      Gage’s family did not want her prosecuted and attended the trial to support her. The prosecutor’s decision to charge Gage was
extremely painful for her family, who were struggling to cope with losing Mi’yana, Mitchell said.
      Adachi praised the jury’s decision.
      “The decision to treat this tragic mistake like a crime only added to the pain and suffering Ms. Gage and her entire family
experienced. Fortunately, her public defender worked hard to ensure her case was heard,” Adachi said.
(http://sfpublicdefender.org/news/2015/07/aunt-acquitted-in-nieces-hit-and-run-death/) 

A palavra que preenche corretamente a lacuna I é