Questões de concursos sobre "Interpretação de texto | Reading comprehension" | Inglês - página 1

TEXT I

In Europe, Weber still rules
Statecrafting
Jul 13, 2016
Steven Van de Walle


After 30 years of public administration reform in European countries inspired by New Public Management ideas, traditional Weberian administration still is the main organizing principle. This is the picture that emerges from a large-scale survey among the entire population of top civil servants in 18 European countries. The findings have now been published in our book — Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top.
True, many tools and management practices associated with the NPM such as staff performance talks or management by objectives have become very common. Across all countries, the almost 7000 top civil servants we surveyed list achieving results and ensuring an efficient use of resources among the most important roles they have. They are also in agreement that, compared to five years ago, the public sector has made major progress in terms of efficiency and service quality — two main objectives of the NPM.
There are ‘NPM champions’ — countries that have gone further than others in reforming the Weberian state. Think the UK or the Netherlands, where public employment is increasingly normalised, and delivery contracted out. But even there, the structures of traditional public administration remain firmly in place.
Some elements of the NPM are still mainly absent from current management practice in European countries. Internal steering by contract is not very common, and performance related pay is very rare despite the popularity in reform talk. The weak presence of flexible employment also shows that the Weberian model still dominates. Despite attempts to normalize public employment in some countries, civil servants still enjoy a unique statute. We also observed this during the fiscal crisis, where outright firing permanent civil servants or cutting salaries has been relatively rare.
For civil servants, referring issues upwards in the hierarchy is still the dominant response in situations when responsibilities or interests conflict with that of other organisations. European top civil servants consider the impartial implementation of laws and rules as one of their dominant roles, and largely prefer state provision of services over market provision, with the exception of the British, Danish, and Dutch.
There are clear country differences, with management ‘champions’ such as the UK, Estonia, Norway and the Netherlands, and more legalistic and traditional public administrations such as in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain. The adoption of newer reform ideas suggest that the Weberian state may now be in decline. Yet some of the other findings of the survey, reported above, show that Weberianism’s main ideas are still deeply embedded in European countries.
(Source: https://statecrafting.net/in-europe-weber-still-rulesa851866dbf02. Retrieved on January 21st, 2018)

The word “Despite” in the sentence “Despite attempts to normalize public employment in some countries” indicates

TEXT I

In Europe, Weber still rules
Statecrafting
Jul 13, 2016
Steven Van de Walle


After 30 years of public administration reform in European countries inspired by New Public Management ideas, traditional Weberian administration still is the main organizing principle. This is the picture that emerges from a large-scale survey among the entire population of top civil servants in 18 European countries. The findings have now been published in our book — Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top.
True, many tools and management practices associated with the NPM such as staff performance talks or management by objectives have become very common. Across all countries, the almost 7000 top civil servants we surveyed list achieving results and ensuring an efficient use of resources among the most important roles they have. They are also in agreement that, compared to five years ago, the public sector has made major progress in terms of efficiency and service quality — two main objectives of the NPM.
There are ‘NPM champions’ — countries that have gone further than others in reforming the Weberian state. Think the UK or the Netherlands, where public employment is increasingly normalised, and delivery contracted out. But even there, the structures of traditional public administration remain firmly in place.
Some elements of the NPM are still mainly absent from current management practice in European countries. Internal steering by contract is not very common, and performance related pay is very rare despite the popularity in reform talk. The weak presence of flexible employment also shows that the Weberian model still dominates. Despite attempts to normalize public employment in some countries, civil servants still enjoy a unique statute. We also observed this during the fiscal crisis, where outright firing permanent civil servants or cutting salaries has been relatively rare.
For civil servants, referring issues upwards in the hierarchy is still the dominant response in situations when responsibilities or interests conflict with that of other organisations. European top civil servants consider the impartial implementation of laws and rules as one of their dominant roles, and largely prefer state provision of services over market provision, with the exception of the British, Danish, and Dutch.
There are clear country differences, with management ‘champions’ such as the UK, Estonia, Norway and the Netherlands, and more legalistic and traditional public administrations such as in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain. The adoption of newer reform ideas suggest that the Weberian state may now be in decline. Yet some of the other findings of the survey, reported above, show that Weberianism’s main ideas are still deeply embedded in European countries.
(Source: https://statecrafting.net/in-europe-weber-still-rulesa851866dbf02. Retrieved on January 21st, 2018)

Mark the statements below as true (T) or false (F) according to Text I. 
( ) Internal steering by contract and performance related pay are two main ideas that come from Weber.
( ) Weberian ideals now belong to the past and are only used for historical interest. 
( ) Employment flexibility is one of the tenets of the New Public Management. 

The correct sequence is:

TEXT I

In Europe, Weber still rules
Statecrafting
Jul 13, 2016
Steven Van de Walle


After 30 years of public administration reform in European countries inspired by New Public Management ideas, traditional Weberian administration still is the main organizing principle. This is the picture that emerges from a large-scale survey among the entire population of top civil servants in 18 European countries. The findings have now been published in our book — Public Administration Reforms in Europe: The View from the Top.
True, many tools and management practices associated with the NPM such as staff performance talks or management by objectives have become very common. Across all countries, the almost 7000 top civil servants we surveyed list achieving results and ensuring an efficient use of resources among the most important roles they have. They are also in agreement that, compared to five years ago, the public sector has made major progress in terms of efficiency and service quality — two main objectives of the NPM.
There are ‘NPM champions’ — countries that have gone further than others in reforming the Weberian state. Think the UK or the Netherlands, where public employment is increasingly normalised, and delivery contracted out. But even there, the structures of traditional public administration remain firmly in place.
Some elements of the NPM are still mainly absent from current management practice in European countries. Internal steering by contract is not very common, and performance related pay is very rare despite the popularity in reform talk. The weak presence of flexible employment also shows that the Weberian model still dominates. Despite attempts to normalize public employment in some countries, civil servants still enjoy a unique statute. We also observed this during the fiscal crisis, where outright firing permanent civil servants or cutting salaries has been relatively rare.
For civil servants, referring issues upwards in the hierarchy is still the dominant response in situations when responsibilities or interests conflict with that of other organisations. European top civil servants consider the impartial implementation of laws and rules as one of their dominant roles, and largely prefer state provision of services over market provision, with the exception of the British, Danish, and Dutch.
There are clear country differences, with management ‘champions’ such as the UK, Estonia, Norway and the Netherlands, and more legalistic and traditional public administrations such as in Austria, France, Germany, Hungary and Spain. The adoption of newer reform ideas suggest that the Weberian state may now be in decline. Yet some of the other findings of the survey, reported above, show that Weberianism’s main ideas are still deeply embedded in European countries.
(Source: https://statecrafting.net/in-europe-weber-still-rulesa851866dbf02. Retrieved on January 21st, 2018)

Text I compares New Public Management and Weberian administration. In this respect, analyse the following statements. 
I. The findings reported are not very telling as the sample israther small. 
II. Some countries have made more progress than others in implementing NPM. 
III. The British, Danish, and Dutch showed a preference towards market provision. 

Choose the correct answer:

The text implies that if more researchers:

The phrasal verb “bring out” (line 2) could be replaced
with all verbs below, EXCEPT: 

One of the strategies in teaching English for Specific
Purposes (ESP) is to help students identify false cognates,
such as:

TEXT 1 below,
retrieved and adapted from https://chroniclingamerica.
loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/1851-06-21/ed-1/seq-4/ on
July 9th, 2018.

Text 1 

                    Women’s rights convention – Sojourner Truth

      One of the most unique and interesting
speeches of the convention was made by Sojourner
Truth, an emancipated slave. It is impossible to
transfer it to paper or convey any adequate idea of the
effect it produced upon the audience. Those only can
appreciate it who saw her powerful form, her whole-souled,
earnest gesture, and listened to her strong and
truthful tones. She came forward to the platform and
addressing the President said with great simplicity:
      "May I say a few words?" Receiving an
affirmative answer, she proceeded: I want to say a few
words about this matter. I am a woman's rights. I have
as much muscle as any man and can do as much work
as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked
and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more
than that? I have heard much about the sexes being
equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat
as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man
that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman
has a pint, and a man a quart -- why can't she have
her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our
rights for fear we will take too much; -- for we can't take
more than our pint will hold. The poor men seem to be
all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why
children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and
you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and
they won't be so much trouble. I can't read, but I can
hear. I have heard the bible and have learned that Eve
caused man to sin. Well, if a woman upset the world,
do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The
Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned
woman from him, and she was right. When Lazarus
died, Mary and Martha came to him with faith and love
and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus
wept and Lazarus came forth. And how came Jesus
into the world? Through God who created him and the
woman who bore him. Man, where was your part? But
the women are coming up blessed be God and a few
of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a
tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming
on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.

Reference: Robinson, M. (1851, June 21). Women’s
rights convention: Sojourner Truth. Anti-slavery Bugle, vol. 6
no. 41, Page 160.

Question must be answered by looking at the following sentences from Text 1:

And how came Jesus into the world? Through God who created him and the woman who bore him.

It’s correct to say that “And” and “Through” in the
sentences above are used, respectively: 

TEXT 1 below,
retrieved and adapted from https://chroniclingamerica.
loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/1851-06-21/ed-1/seq-4/ on
July 9th, 2018.

Text 1 

                    Women’s rights convention – Sojourner Truth

      One of the most unique and interesting
speeches of the convention was made by Sojourner
Truth, an emancipated slave. It is impossible to
transfer it to paper or convey any adequate idea of the
effect it produced upon the audience. Those only can
appreciate it who saw her powerful form, her whole-souled,
earnest gesture, and listened to her strong and
truthful tones. She came forward to the platform and
addressing the President said with great simplicity:
      "May I say a few words?" Receiving an
affirmative answer, she proceeded: I want to say a few
words about this matter. I am a woman's rights. I have
as much muscle as any man and can do as much work
as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked
and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more
than that? I have heard much about the sexes being
equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat
as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man
that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman
has a pint, and a man a quart -- why can't she have
her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our
rights for fear we will take too much; -- for we can't take
more than our pint will hold. The poor men seem to be
all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why
children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and
you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and
they won't be so much trouble. I can't read, but I can
hear. I have heard the bible and have learned that Eve
caused man to sin. Well, if a woman upset the world,
do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The
Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned
woman from him, and she was right. When Lazarus
died, Mary and Martha came to him with faith and love
and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus
wept and Lazarus came forth. And how came Jesus
into the world? Through God who created him and the
woman who bore him. Man, where was your part? But
the women are coming up blessed be God and a few
of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a
tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming
on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.

Reference: Robinson, M. (1851, June 21). Women’s
rights convention: Sojourner Truth. Anti-slavery Bugle, vol. 6
no. 41, Page 160.

Question must be answered by looking at
the following sentences from Text 1:


And how came Jesus into the world? Through God
who created him and the woman who bore him.

Looking at verb “come into” above, it’s correct to
say that:

TEXT 1 below,
retrieved and adapted from https://chroniclingamerica.
loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/1851-06-21/ed-1/seq-4/ on
July 9th, 2018.

Text 1 

                    Women’s rights convention – Sojourner Truth

      One of the most unique and interesting
speeches of the convention was made by Sojourner
Truth, an emancipated slave. It is impossible to
transfer it to paper or convey any adequate idea of the
effect it produced upon the audience. Those only can
appreciate it who saw her powerful form, her whole-souled,
earnest gesture, and listened to her strong and
truthful tones. She came forward to the platform and
addressing the President said with great simplicity:
      "May I say a few words?" Receiving an
affirmative answer, she proceeded: I want to say a few
words about this matter. I am a woman's rights. I have
as much muscle as any man and can do as much work
as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked
and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more
than that? I have heard much about the sexes being
equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat
as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man
that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman
has a pint, and a man a quart -- why can't she have
her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our
rights for fear we will take too much; -- for we can't take
more than our pint will hold. The poor men seem to be
all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why
children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and
you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and
they won't be so much trouble. I can't read, but I can
hear. I have heard the bible and have learned that Eve
caused man to sin. Well, if a woman upset the world,
do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The
Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned
woman from him, and she was right. When Lazarus
died, Mary and Martha came to him with faith and love
and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus
wept and Lazarus came forth. And how came Jesus
into the world? Through God who created him and the
woman who bore him. Man, where was your part? But
the women are coming up blessed be God and a few
of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a
tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming
on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.

Reference: Robinson, M. (1851, June 21). Women’s
rights convention: Sojourner Truth. Anti-slavery Bugle, vol. 6
no. 41, Page 160.

Question must be answered by looking at the following sentence from Text 1:


Well, if a woman upset the world, do give her a chance to set it right side up again.

 The use of “do” in the sentence is:

TEXT 1 below,
retrieved and adapted from https://chroniclingamerica.
loc.gov/lccn/sn83035487/1851-06-21/ed-1/seq-4/ on
July 9th, 2018.

Text 1 

                    Women’s rights convention – Sojourner Truth

      One of the most unique and interesting
speeches of the convention was made by Sojourner
Truth, an emancipated slave. It is impossible to
transfer it to paper or convey any adequate idea of the
effect it produced upon the audience. Those only can
appreciate it who saw her powerful form, her whole-souled,
earnest gesture, and listened to her strong and
truthful tones. She came forward to the platform and
addressing the President said with great simplicity:
      "May I say a few words?" Receiving an
affirmative answer, she proceeded: I want to say a few
words about this matter. I am a woman's rights. I have
as much muscle as any man and can do as much work
as any man. I have plowed and reaped and husked
and chopped and mowed, and can any man do more
than that? I have heard much about the sexes being
equal. I can carry as much as any man, and can eat
as much too, if I can get it. I am as strong as any man
that is now. As for intellect, all I can say is, if a woman
has a pint, and a man a quart -- why can't she have
her little pint full? You need not be afraid to give us our
rights for fear we will take too much; -- for we can't take
more than our pint will hold. The poor men seem to be
all in confusion, and don't know what to do. Why
children, if you have woman's rights, give it to her and
you will feel better. You will have your own rights, and
they won't be so much trouble. I can't read, but I can
hear. I have heard the bible and have learned that Eve
caused man to sin. Well, if a woman upset the world,
do give her a chance to set it right side up again. The
Lady has spoken about Jesus, how he never spurned
woman from him, and she was right. When Lazarus
died, Mary and Martha came to him with faith and love
and besought him to raise their brother. And Jesus
wept and Lazarus came forth. And how came Jesus
into the world? Through God who created him and the
woman who bore him. Man, where was your part? But
the women are coming up blessed be God and a few
of the men are coming up with them. But man is in a
tight place, the poor slave is on him, woman is coming
on him, he is surely between a hawk and a buzzard.

Reference: Robinson, M. (1851, June 21). Women’s
rights convention: Sojourner Truth. Anti-slavery Bugle, vol. 6
no. 41, Page 160.

Question must be answered by looking at
the following sentence from Text 1:

Well, if a woman upset the world, do give her a
chance to set it right side up again.

The use of “well” in the beginning of the sentence
is a very common feature of cohesion in spoken
discourse and is usually used for:

I softening and correcting.
II gaining time.
III referring to your own expectations.
IV indicating you don’t need any help.

The only correct ways to finish the assertion are: